EPA Moves to Weaken Ethylene Oxide Pollution Limits
On June 12, 2026, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed to weaken air pollution limits on ethylene oxide, a chemical used to sterilize medical equipment, according to a report by the Associated Press published by PBS NewsHour (Daly, 2026). The proposal would reverse a Biden administration finding of high cancer risks at manufacturing facilities that use ethylene oxide to clean medical devices such as catheters and syringes (Daly, 2026). Communities near sterilization plants now face renewed concern over long-term cancer risks tied to the chemical.
Background: The Role and Risk of Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide plays a crucial role in sterilizing lifesaving medical devices, including pacemakers and syringes, but long-term exposure can cause leukemia and other types of cancer among people who work at medical sterilization facilities or live nearby (Daly, 2026). The American Lung Association called the proposed rule change unacceptable, with Vice President Laura Kate Bender stating, “The science shows that both short-term and long-term exposure to ethylene oxide is dangerous for health. People who live near many commercial sterilization facilities are much more likely to develop cancer” (Daly, 2026). The EPA’s own 2024 rule, finalized under the Biden administration, was intended to reduce ethylene oxide emissions by about 90% by targeting nearly 90 commercial sterilization facilities across the country (Daly, 2026).
The Proposed Rollback
EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin said the proposed rule shows the agency’s commitment to protecting people’s health while maintaining a stable domestic medical supply chain. “The Trump EPA is committed to ensuring life-saving medical devices remain available for the critical care of America’s children, elderly and all patients without unnecessary exposure to communities,” he said in a statement cited by the AP (Daly, 2026). However, the EPA acknowledged it is concerned that the current Biden-era standards “actively threaten” manufacturers’ abilities to sterilize equipment and “jeopardize one of America’s only options for a secure domestic supply chain of essential medical equipment” (Daly, 2026).
The proposal is the latest in a series of moves by the EPA under President Donald Trump to relax pollution limits and lower costs for industry. In February alone, the agency weakened restrictions on mercury from coal-burning power plants and repealed a scientific finding that served as the central basis for U.S. action to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change (Daly, 2026).
What the Biden-Era Rule Required
The 2024 EPA rule required companies to test for ethylene oxide in the air and ensure their pollution controls are functioning properly (Daly, 2026). That rule targeted nearly 90 commercial sterilization facilities, with the goal of reducing emissions by about 90% (Daly, 2026). The proposed weakening of these limits reverses those safeguards, according to the AP report (Daly, 2026).
Health and Justice Implications for Communities
Community advocates and public health experts have warned that rollbacks on pollution limits could drive up health care costs, as reported by PBS NewsHour (Daly, 2026). The American Lung Association’s Bender emphasized that both short-term and long-term exposure to ethylene oxide is dangerous, and that people living near sterilization facilities face elevated cancer risks (Daly, 2026). The EPA’s own earlier findings had identified high cancer risks at manufacturing facilities using the chemical (Daly, 2026). The reversal means those communities may continue to face disproportionate exposure.
“The science shows that both short-term and long-term exposure to ethylene oxide is dangerous for health. People who live near many commercial sterilization facilities are much more likely to develop cancer.” — Laura Kate Bender, Vice President, American Lung Association (Daly, 2026)
Industry and Supply Chain Concerns
According to the EPA, the current Biden-era standards “actively threaten” manufacturers’ abilities to sterilize equipment and jeopardize the domestic supply chain for essential medical equipment such as catheters, syringes, and pacemakers (Daly, 2026). Administrator Zeldin argued that the proposal balances health protections with the need to maintain a stable supply of lifesaving devices (Daly, 2026). The AP report noted that the EPA is concerned about “one of America’s only options for a secure domestic supply chain” (Daly, 2026).
Broader Regulatory Context
This proposal is part of a pattern of environmental rollbacks under the Trump administration. In February 2026, the EPA weakened restrictions on mercury from coal-burning power plants and repealed a scientific finding that had underpinned U.S. climate action (Daly, 2026). The ethylene oxide rule change further signals a shift away from stringent pollution controls in favor of reduced regulatory burdens on industry, as reported by the Associated Press (Daly, 2026).
What Happens Next
The proposed rule is subject to a public comment period before it can be finalized. Environmental and public health groups, including the American Lung Association, have already voiced strong opposition and are expected to submit detailed comments against the weakening of limits (Daly, 2026). Community organizations near sterilization facilities may also mobilize to challenge the proposal. The EPA has not announced a timeline for finalizing the rule, but the AP report suggests it will be a closely watched regulatory battle in the coming months (Daly, 2026).
For the full AP report, see: EPA proposes weaker pollution limits for chemical used to sterilize medical devices (Daly, 2026).
References
Daly, M. (2026). EPA proposes weaker pollution limits for chemical used to sterilize medical devices. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/epa-proposes-weaker-pollution-limits-for-chemical-used-to-sterilize-medical-devices